Table 1 Review of AMS scales available in different languages Characteristic of linguistic & cultural translation
From: The Aging Males' Symptoms (AMS) scale: Update and compilation of international versions
Internationally recommended translations | Incomplete translations | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
German | English | Swedish | Dutch | Spanish | Portuguese | Italian | Japanese | Korean* | Finnish | Russian | Flemish | |
Source language | Original | German | English | English | English | English | English | English | English | English | English | English |
Forward translations: number | n.a. | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
Forward translation: consensus meeting | n.a. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Bilingual (medical) expert | n.a. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
Backward translation | n.a. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not yet | No | No | No |
Backward translation: consensus meeting | n.a. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Not yet | n.a. | n.a. | n.a. |
Pretest with patients (cognitive debriefing) | n.a. | Yes (20) | Yes (20) | Yes (5) | Yes (5) | Yes (20) | Yes (20) | Yes (5) | Yes(25) | Yes | No | Yes |
Developer of the scale involved in the translation process | n.a. | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | No |
Test-retest (number) | Yes (102) | Yes (92) | Yes (48) | No | Yes (30) | Yes (40) | Yes (40) | No | Yes (25) | Yes (89/208) | No | No |
Clinical study with AMS | Yes | No? | Planned | Yes | Yes | Planned | Planned | Planned | Yes? | Yes | No | (Yes) |