Table 1 Baseline Characteristics
Characteristic (n = 298) | Number (%) or Mean ± SD |
|---|---|
Demographics | Â |
Age | 60 ± 13 |
Sex (male) | 223 (75) |
Race | Â |
   Caucasian | 216 (73) |
   African-American | 69 (23) |
   Other | 13 (4) |
Body mass index | 29.0 ± 6.5* |
Co-Morbidities | Â |
History Hypertension | 159 (53) |
History of angina | 66 (22) |
History of myocardial infarction | 112 (38) |
History of percutaneous coronary intervention | 41 (14) |
History of coronary artery bypass graph | 82 (28) |
History of hyperlipidemia | 135 (45) |
History of diabetes | 99 (33) |
History of renal failure | 15 (5) |
History of COPD/Asthma | 56 (19) |
Heart Failure | Â |
Etiology †|  |
- Ischemia | 146 (50) |
- Hypertensive | 25 (8) |
- Valvular heart disease | 8 (3) |
- Other | 110 (38) |
Ejection fraction | 25 ± 8.1 |
Heart Rate | 73 ± 14 |
Systolic blood pressure | 121 ± 24 |
Diastolic blood pressure | 69 ± 13 |
Receiving ACE inhibitors | 242 (81) |
Receiving beta-blockers | 224 (75) |
Receiving spironolactone | 106 (36) |