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Table 4 Adjusted odd ratios (95% CI) with occurrence of RPL by joint effects of maternal anxiety and distress

From: Anxiety and depression are risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss: a nested case–control study

The interaction effect of psychological anxiety and distress

No depression

Mild depression

Moderate depression

Severe depression

P for trend

Total

ORa (95% CI)

 

Case/controls

ORa (95% CI)

Case/controls

ORa (95% CI)

Case/controls

ORa (95% CI)

Case/controls

ORa (95% CI)

  

Anxiety

          

 Normal

464/703

1.00

213/299

1.16 (0.93–1.46)

121/135

1.46 (1.08–1.91)

9/11

1.81 (1.04–3.32)

1.00

 Mild

85/86

1.49 (1.06–2.11)

85/80

1.46 (0.99–2.13)

42/33

1.41 (0.82–2.43)

7/2

2.77 (1.07–44.14)

< 0.001

1.57 (1.26–1.97)

 Moderate

27/33

1.32 (1.09–2.30)

36/14

2.48 (1.22–5.02)

14/9

1.50 (0.59–3.79)

3/0

< 0.05

1.73 (1.19–2.54)

 Severe

6/15

3.25 (1.21–8.12)

8/2

4.23 (1.01–22.21)

9/2

4.34 (1.03–21.28)

3/2

5.95 (1.09–45.09)

< 0.05

1.36 (0.72–2.59)

P for trend

0.40

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.001

 

< 0.05

< 0.001

< 0.001

Total

ORa (95% CI)

 

1.00

 

1.31 (1.08–1.58)

 

1.57 (1.22–2.00)

 

2.23 (1.11–4.49)

< 0.05

 
  1. Bold values indicate better results than other filtering methods
  2. RPL recurrent pregnancy loss, CI confidence interval, OR odds ratio
  3. aAdjusted for age, ethnicity, education, family monthly income, active smoking, previous liveborn, and embryonic chromosome abnormalities