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Table 4 Predictors of HRQOL in older adults patients with DM

From: The differences in health-related quality of life between younger and older adults and its associated factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indonesia

Variables

β

t

p value

Steps 1

Constant

 

12.720

 < 0.001

DSM

0.030

0.487

0.627

DD

 − 0.204

 − 3.197

0.002*

Depression

 − 0.346

 − 5.314

 < 0.00*

Self-efficacy

0.219

3.299

0.001*

Family support

0.007

0.110

0.912

Adjusted R2 = 0.314; F = 19.62 and p < 0.001

 

Step 2

Constant

 

11.440

 < 0.001

DSM

0.064

1.039

0.300

DD

 − 0.210

 − 3.324

0.001*

Depression

 − 0.356

 − 5.468

 < 0.001*

Self-efficacy

0.211

3.215

0.002*

Family support

0.005

0.081

0.935

Gender

 − 0.039

 − 0.604

0.546

Marital status

 − 0.057

 − 0.933

0.352

Level of education

0.011

0.176

0.861

Employment status

0.083

1.246

0.214

Income

0.144

2.280

0.024

Adjusted R2 = 0.336; F = 11.27 and p < 0.001

 

Step 3

Constant

 

7.707

 < 0.001

DSM

0.062

0.989

0.324

DD

 − 0.207

 − 3.114

0.002*

Depression

 − 0.365

 − 5.431

 < 0.001*

Self-efficacy

0.202

2.998

0.003*

Family support

 − 0.006

 − 0.098

0.922

Gender

 − 0.021

 − 0.292

0.770

Marital status

 − 0.055

 − 0.856

0.393

Level of education

0.001

0.019

0.985

Employment status

0.090

1.308

0.192

Income

0.140

2.138

0.034*

BMI (kg/m2)

 − 0.050

 − 0.816

0.416

Duration of DM

 − 0.005

 − 0.090

0.928

Smoking status

 − 0.042

 − 0.660

0.510

Number of diabetes-related complications

0.013

0.214

0.831

Fasting blood glucose

 − 0.043

 − 0.715

0.475

Hypertension

 − 0.013

 − 0.194

0.846

Type of DM medication

0.053

0.840

0.402

Adjusted R2 = 0.321; F = 6.64 and p < 0.001

 
  1. In the first block, DSM, DD, depression, self-efficacy, and family support were entered into analysis. In the second block, demographical factors were jointly entered into analysis. In the third block, clinical data were jointly entered
  2. DSM is diabetes self-management, DD is diabetes distress, BMI is body mass index