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Table 2 Descriptive statistics and correlations of HRQOL indicators across two measurement points

From: Predictors of long-term HRQOL following cardiac surgery: a 5-year follow-up study

 

Pre-surgery (T1)

5-year follow-up (T2)

t (df)

r

M (SD)

γ1/γ2

M (SD)

γ1/γ2

General health

48.08 (16.36)

0.22/0.34

50.70 (19.79)

0.08/− 0.15

− 1.73 (199)

0.31***

Physical functioning

62.10 (24.31)

− 0.74/− 0.09

76.91 (22.39)

− 1.25/1.16

− 8.23 (204)***

0.39***

Bodily pain

58.35 (24.12)

0.06/− 0.66

60.84 (29.25)

− 0.02/− 0.95

− 1.07 (206)

0.22**

Mental health

64.84 (17.76)

0.03/− 0.97

73.08 (17.17)

− 0.35/− 0.44

− 5.77 (202)***

0.32***

Role limitations (physical)

66.29 (16.80)

0.62/− 0.88

69.34 (28.70)

− 0.56/− 0.73

− 1.28 (197)

− 0.01

Role limitations (emotional)

73.27 (21.06)

0.13/− 1.55

76.23 (25.86)

− 0.70/− 0.66

− 1.42 (206)

0.20**

Vitality

57.58 (19.39)

− 0.01/− 0.48

63.64 (19.48)

− 0.11/− 0.83

− 3.74 (197)***

0.31***

Social functioning

64.43 (26.47)

− 0.33/− 0.77

81.83 (24.86)

− 1.29/0.88

− 7.69 (203)***

0.21**

  1. M = mean, SD = standard deviation, γ1 = skewness, γ2 = kurtosis
  2. ** <  0.01, ***  <  0.001