Risk factors for poor health-related quality of life in patients with colon cancer include stoma and smoking habits

Table 2 Comparison of the included colon cancer patient´s HRQoL with the Swedish reference population (Standard) at baseline and 6-month follow-up, univariate analyses. Data for men and women presented separately

Men		Standard^a		Baseline			Follow-up
Scale	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	P_standard^b	n	Mean (SD)	P_standard^c	n^d	P_diff^e
Global health status	230	76.4 (22.8)	177	59.7 (23.6)	< 0.001	132	68.0 (22.4)	0.001	130	0.008
Functional scales
Physical functioning	224	81.6 (22.7)	178	79.0 (20.8)	0.232	130	80.5 (18.5)	0.629	129	0.083
Role functioning	224	82.6 (29.7)	178	67.2 (34.7)	< 0.001	130	72.7 (31.4)	0.004	129	0.577
Emotional functioning	223	88.2 (17.3)	178	74.7 (21.1)	< 0.001	132	81.1 (22.3)	0.002	131	0.006
Cognitive functioning	228	85.2 (16.9)	178	85.3 (17.3)	0.954	132	83.1 (20.4)	0.313	131	0.074
Social function	230	89.1 (21.1)	178	77.9 (25.0)	< 0.001	132	73.3 (28.9)	< 0.001	131	0.020
Symptom scales/items
Fatigue	227	21.5 (23.1)	178	39.0 (25.7)	< 0.001	132	33.7 (24.0)	< 0.001	131	0.350
Nausea and vomiting	234	2.5 (10.0)	178	9.5 (18.4)	< 0.001	132	5.6 (12.5)	0.017	131	0.527
Pain	226	19.2 (25.0)	178	23.0 (26.9)	0.144	132	14.8 (22.2)	0.084	131	0.013
Dyspnoea	232	23.7 (29.4)	178	29.2 (29.8)	0.062	130	27.4 (26.4)	0.216	129	0.525
Insomnia	231	11.8 (22.5)	178	26.7 (29.7)	< 0.001	132	21.0 (29.8)	0.002	131	0.017
Appetite loss	233	2.7 (11.9)	178	21.2 (32.2)	< 0.001	132	10.9 (23.8)	< 0.001	131	0.036
Constipation	234	6.7 (17.7)	178	12.8 (25.6)	0.007	131	6.4 (16.6)	0.855	129	0.049
Diarrhoea	231	4.2 (13.1)	177	24.1 (31.2)	< 0.001	131	18.6 (24.9)	< 0.001	130	0.422
Financial difficulties	230	5.4 (16.0)	175	6.5 (18.5)	0.539	132	8.8 (23.6)	0.138	129	0.015

Women		Standard^a		Baseline Vås			Follow-up
Scale	n	Mean (SD)	n	Mean (SD)	P_stand^b	n	Mean (SD)	P_stand^c	n^d	P_diff^e
Global health status	285	69.9 (25.0)	192	59.2 (22.9)	< 0.001	157	66.5 (23.7)	0.152	153	0.001
Functional scales
Physical functioning	283	74.2 (23.6)	190	72.0 (21.0)	0.296	157	73.6 (20.9)	0.779	151	0.477
Role functioning	280	80.4 (29.6)	191	67.9 (32.6)	< 0.001	156	72.8 (29.7)	0.010	151	0.497
Emotional functioning	277	80.4 (22.0)	192	69.0 (22.6)	< 0.001	156	76.9 (23.6)	0.133	153	< 0.001
Cognitive functioning	282	85.6 (19.5)	192	81.3 (22.2)	0.032	157	81.6 (23.9)	0.077	153	0.686
Social functioning	272	89.9 (21.3)	191	76.8 (24.5)	< 0.001	157	75.4 (28.4)	< 0.001	152	0.406
Symptom scales/items
Fatigue	285	28.2 (25.0)	192	39.7 (25.3)	< 0.001	157	36.0 (26.4)	0.003	153	0.265
Nausea and vomiting	298	3.7 (12.4)	192	9.5 (18.4)	< 0.001	157	6.8 (26.4)	0.038	153	0.033
Pain	280	26.7 (30.5)	192	24.9 (28.7)	0.518	157	22.5 (29.0)	0.155	153	0.448
Dyspnoea	295	22.3 (27.5)	189	22.9 (26.5)	0.802	156	20.1 (26.1)	0.401	149	0.456
Insomnia	295	26.4 (31.2)	191	30.1 (31.6)	0.216	156	34.6 (32.1)	0.009	151	0.258
Appetite loss	299	7.4 (18.5)	191	27.2 (32.5)	< 0.001	155	16.8 (27.5)	< 0.001	151	< 0.001
Constipation	298	8.6 (19.6)	190	16.7 (29.6)	0.001	155	11.2 (23.2)	0.238	150	0.014
Diarrhoea	287	5.0 (14.8)	187	24.4 (31.0)	< 0.001	155	20.0 (27.3)	< 0.001	147	0.046
Financial difficulties	284	8.1 (21.2)	192	8.0 (21.1)	0.954	155	9.7 (25.5)	0.512	151	0.160

^aValues in the standard population were from sex-specific data for ages 70–79 years given by Michelson et al. (2000)
^bP values for difference between values at baseline and values in the standard population, Significant P values are given in bold
^cP values for difference between values at follow-up and values in the standard population
^dNumber of individuals with answers at both baseline and follow-up
^eP values for difference between values at baseline and follow-up

ISSN: 1477-7525