Table 6 Factors associated with having difficulty in accessing health services and traditional medical care services

Age (years)

1.1*

(1.0; 1.1)

1.1

(1.0; 1.2)

Male vs. Female

0.3

(0.1; 1.4)

3.1*

(1.0; 10.2)

Ethnic: Kinh vs Muong

4.3**

(1.1; 16.3)

Education (Elementary - ref)

 Secondary

0.5

(0.2; 1.2)

 College and above

2.1

(0.7; 6.5)

0.2

(0.0; 1.7)

10.6***

(2.7; 41.5)

5.0**

(1.5; 17.4)

Expenditure (Lowest - ref)

 High

0.5

(0.2; 1.4)

3.1*

(0.8; 11.7)

 Highest

5.8***

(1.6; 20.7)

8.4*

(1.0; 71.6)

Household’s income (Lowest - ref)

 Low

2.1

(0.8; 5.7)

4.3

(0.5; 36.5)

4.5**

(1.2; 16.4)

 Middle

0.1*

(0.0; 1.2)

 Highest

0.4

(0.1; 1.5)

Having problems in (Yes vs. No)

 Daily activities

5.5**

(1.1; 26.6)

 Pain or Discomfort

5.4***

(1.7; 17.5)

3.9*

(1.0; 15.6)

 Anxiety or Depression

0.1***

(0.0; 0.6)

0.1**

(0.0; 0.8)

# health problems (None - ref)

 1 health issue

6.0*

(1.0; 37.0)

17.6**

(1.1; 294.0)

2.4

(0.7; 8.9)

 2 health issues

3.9

(0.7; 22.3)

18.5**

(1.2; 285.1)

Distance (<1 km – ref)

 >2 km

3.6***

(1.5; 8.3)

12.8***

(2.1; 79.2)

2.6

(0.8; 8.3)

Perceived quality of commune health services

 Very good - ref

 Good

3.0

(0.8; 12.1)

0.1*

(0.0; 1.0)

 Moderate

6.0**

(1.0; 34.4)

Perceived of TM service quality (Very good – ref)

 Good

6.1**

(1.0; 36.7)

Perceived of effectiveness of TM (Very good - ref)

 Good

0.4*

(0.1; 1.1)

1.2**

(1.0; 1.5)

 Moderate

0.3*

(0.1; 1.1)

0.2

(0.0; 1.8)

Satisfaction with (Yes vs. No)

 Availability of health services

0.2***

(0.1; 0.7)

0.3

(0.1; 1.5)

0.1**

(0.0; 0.7)

 Commune general health care services

3.4

(0.7; 17.3)

 Commune traditional health care services

0.1**

(0.0; 0.6)

 Health information and guidance

6.9**

(1.1; 42.5)

 Convenience of service use

3.3*

(0.8; 13.0)

 Convenience of integrating western and traditional health services

0.5

(0.2; 1.3)

 Inter-professional collaborations

6.4

(0.7; 61.9)

 Capacity of health workers

0.2*

(0.0; 1.4)

 Responsiveness of health workers

0.1**

(0.0; 0.8)