Table 1 Item scaling test: convergent and discriminant validity for KINDL subscales in children and their parents

	Items	Mean ± SD^a	Floor effect (%)	Ceiling effect (%)	Cronbach’\(\alpha\)	Convergent validity^b		Discriminant validity^c
	Items	Mean ± SD^a	Floor effect (%)	Ceiling effect (%)	Cronbach’\(\alpha\)	Range of correlation	Scaling success (%)	Range of correlation	Scaling success (%)
Child self-reports
Physical well-being	4	70.39 ± 21.21	6.1	37.7	0.67	0.63–0.75	4/4 (100)	0.006–0.49	20/20 (100)
Emotional well-being	4	68.90 ± 23.29	6.3	40.2	0.72	0.67–0.77	4/4 (100)	0.03–0.50	20/20 (100)
Self-esteem	4	58.61 ± 26.00	13.9	29.7	0.74	0.71–0.83	4/4 (100)	0.001–0.33	20/20 (100)
Family	4	66.34 ± 23.60	8.6	35.7	0.70	0.68–0.76	4/4 (100)	0.06–0.38	20/20 (100)
Friends	4	66.44 ± 24.44	10.6	37.7	0.70	0.66–0.81	4/4 (100)	0.06–0.45	20/20 (100)
School	4	63.52 ± 26.35	13.1	38.1	0.73	0.73–0.76	4/4 (100)	0.01–0.37	20/20 (100)
Total score	24	65.70 ± 15.53
Parent proxy-reports
Physical well-being	4	65.65 ± 19.67^*	3.3	26.0	0.70	0.61–0.79	4/4 (100)	0.03–0.34	20/20 (100)
Emotional well-being	4	59.94 ± 19.31^*	4.1	20.9	0.67	0.62–0.79	4/4 (100)	0.005–0.31	20/20 (100)
Self-esteem	4	52.26 ± 21.77^*	8.3	13.2	0.76	0.69–0.82	4/4 (100)	0.03–0.32	20/20 (100)
Family	4	53.44 ± 20.59^*	8.1	14.2	0.76	0.68–0.76	4/4 (100)	0.01–0.44	20/20 (100)
Friends	4	58.02 ± 20.27^*	7.1	17.7	0.70	0.64–0.82	4/4 (100)	0.01–0.34	20/20 (100)
School	4	49.11 ± 22.50^*	14.6	14.6	0.73	0.69–0.77	4/4 (100)	0.002–0.31	20/20 (100)
Total score	24	56.41 ± 12.14^*

^astandard deviation
^bNumber of correlation between items and hypothesized scale corrected for overlap ≥ 0.4/ total number of convergent validity tests
^cNumber of convergent correlations significantly higher than discriminant correlations/Total number of correlations
^*Indicates that the corresponding subscales between child and parent reports are statistically significant (p values < 0.05)

ISSN: 1477-7525