From: Response shift in health-related quality of life measures in the presence of formative indicators
Model | χ2 | df | p-value | RMSEA | CFI | Δχ2 | Δdf | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Step 1: invariance of reflective indicators (OH, QoL, FC) used for identification Purpose | ||||||||
Baseline | 2.59 | 3 | 0.458 | 0 | 1 | – | – | – |
Constrained modela | 16.06 | 11 | 0.139 | 0.04 | 0.99 | 13.13 | 8 | 0.108 |
Step 2: invariance of items used to create the two domain-level formative indicators (PA, FA) | ||||||||
Baseline | 30.30 | 24 | 0.175 | 0.03 | 0.99 | – | – | – |
Constrained modelb | 74.14 | 35 | < 0.001 | 0.07 | 0.97 | 44.56 | 11 | < 0.001 |
Constrained modelc | 43.26 | 33 | 0.109 | 0.03 | 0.99 | 13.01 | 9 | 0.162 |
Step 3: RS detection—invariance in the formative indicator model | ||||||||
Baseline | 51.59 | 30 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.98 | – | – | – |
Constrained modeld | 54.80 | 33 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.98 | 3.59 | 3 | 0.310 |