Age (years), mean ± SD | 69.1 ± 9.0 |
Pain duration (years), mean ± SD | 1.4 ± 3.5 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 28 ± 4 |
Sex | |
 Male | 36 |
 Female | 66 |
Married | |
 Yes | 86 |
 No | 16 |
Employment | |
 Not working due to pain | 7 |
 Employed | 15 |
 Self-employed | 10 |
 Retired | 65 |
 Unemployed | 5 |
Education level | |
 Primary school | 22 |
 Middle school | 30 |
 High school | 39 |
 University | 11 |
Smokers | |
 Yes | 12 |
 No | 90 |