Table 2 Known-groups construct validity: mean index-based scores of EQ-5D-5L, EQ-5D-5L_crosswalk, EQ-5D-3L, SF-6D and EQ VAS (and 95% confidence intervals) by patient characteristics

All

247 (100.0)

0.798 (0.766, 0.829)

0.754 (0.725, 0.783)

0.751 (0.717, 0.785)

0.633 (0.616, 0.649)

0.567 (0.541, 0.594)

Age (years)

 18–50

26 (10.5)

0.883 (0.807, 0.958)

0.846 (0.774, 0.917)

0.836 (0.732, 0.940)

0.728 (0.667, 0.789)

0.675 (0.572, 0.778)

 51–60

44 (17.8)

0.862 (0.804, 0.920)

0.815 (0.764, 0.867)

0.836 (0.782, 0.891)

0.643 (0.608, 0.679)

0.613 (0.548, 0.679)

 61–70

103 (41.7)

0.825 (0.777, 0.872)

0.771 (0.727, 0.816)

0.744 (0.690, 0.798)

0.637 (0.612, 0.662)

0.572 (0.533, 0.611)

  > 70

74 (30.0)

0.693 (0.627, 0.758)

0.662 (0.604, 0.720)

0.680 (0.610, 0.751)

0.586 (0.558, 0.614)

0.495 (0.452, 0.538)

Sex

 Female

132 (53.4)

0.772 (0.722, 0.822)

0.730 (0.685, 0.776)

0.729 (0.677, 0.781)

0.618 (0.595, 0.640)

0.546 (0.509, 0.583)

 Male

115 (46.6)

0.828 (0.792, 0.864)

0.782 (0.749, 0.815)

0.777 (0.733, 0.820)

0.650 (0.625, 0.674)

0.591 (0.553, 0.630)

Diabetes treatment

 No medication

59 (23.9)

0.873 (0.818, 0.929)

0.827 (0.774, 0.881)

0.813 (0.749, 0.878)

0.669 (0.634, 0.704)

0.631 (0.577, 0.686)

 OAD

120 (48.6)

0.795 (0.749, 0.842)

0.749 (0.707, 0.792)

0.756 (0.707, 0.804)

0.634 (0.609, 0.658)

0.575 (0.537, 0.613)

 Insulin

55 (22.3)

0.727 (0.655, 0.799)

0.690 (0.627, 0.754)

0.672 (0.590, 0.754)

0.601 (0.567, 0.635)

0.493 (0.438, 0.548)

 Combined treatment

13 (5.3)

0.781 (0.652, 0.910)

0.738 (0.630, 0.845)

0.760 (0.615, 0.905)

0.590 (0.531, 0.649)

0.519 (0.418, 0.621)

Education level

 Primary

58 (23.5)

0.696 (0.622, 0.771)

0.658 (0.592, 0.724)

0.643 (0.552, 0.735)

0.575 (0.543, 0.607)

0.499 (0.445, 0.553)

 Secondary

146 (59.1)

0.817 (0.776, 0.858)

0.772 (0.734, 0.810)

0.774 (0.733, 0.815)

0.643 (0.621, 0.665)

0.584 (0.549, 0.619)

 High

43 (17.4)

0.871 (0.823, 0.918)

0.824 (0.782, 0.867)

0.818 (0.758, 0.877)

0.674 (0.636, 0.711)

0.603 (0.542, 0.663)

EQ VAS

 0–24

17 (6.9)

0.311 (0.091, 0.531)

0.310 (0.111, 0.510)

0.195 (− 0.049, 0.438)

0.490 (0.447, 0.534)

0.124 (0.084, 0.163)

 25–49

39 (15.8)

0.665 (0.595, 0.734)

0.635 (0.578, 0.692)

0.648 (0.563, 0.733)

0.516 (0.486, 0.546)

0.350 (0.333, 0.367)

 50–74

136 (55.1)

0.847 (0.819, 0.875)

0.795 (0.770, 0.820)

0.791 (0.761, 0.822)

0.642 (0.624, 0.659)

0.572 (0.557, 0.586)

 75–100

55 (22.3)

0.922 (0.880, 0.964)

0.876 (0.831, 0.920)

0.896 (0.863, 0.930)

0.736 (0.701, 0.772)

0.848 (0.827, 0.869)