Table 6 Associations between characteristics and health problems reported in 11 dimensions
From: Assessing health-related quality of life of Chinese population using CQ-11D
XD OR(95%CI) | SY OR(95%CI) | DB OR(95%CI) | SM OR(95%CI) | JS OR(95%CI) | TY OR(95%CI) | XH OR(95%CI) | TT OR(95%CI) | PL OR(95%CI) | FZ OR(95%CI) | JL OR(95%CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | |||||||||||
Male | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Female | 1.72(1.36,2.18)** | 1.37(1.22,1.53)** | 1.63(1.46,1.82)** | 1.53(1.38,1.70)** | 1. 45(1.30,1.63)** | 2.13(1.90,2.40)** | 1.86(1.65,2.11)** | 1.94(1.72,2.20)** | 1.64(1.45,1.85)** | 2.00(1.79,2.24)** | 1.87(1.66,2.09)** |
Age | |||||||||||
15 ∼ 24 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
25∼34 | 1.00(0.51,1.96) | 0.84(0.67,1.05) | 0.91(0.74,1.13) | 0.87(0.70,1.08) | 0.84(0.67,1.04) | 0.99(0.80,1.23) | 0.87(0.69,1.10) | 0.80(0.63,1.01) | 0.57(0.46,0.72)** | 0.76(0.61,0.93)* | 0.74(0.59,0.92)* |
35∼44 | 1.66(0.84,3.29) | 0.87(0.68,1.13) | 0.93(0.73,1.19) | 1.01(0.79,1.30) | 0.80(0.62,1.03) | 1.06(0.83,1.36) | 1.14(0.87,1.49) | 0.95(0.73,1.25) | 0.57(0.44,0.74)** | 0.79(0.62,1.01) | 0.74(0.57,0.95)* |
45∼54 | 1.87(0.99,3.55) | 0.98(0.76,1.26) | 1.09(0.86,1.38) | 1.19(0.93,1.51) | 0.99(0.78,1.27) | 1.25(0.97,1.59) | 1.24(0.95,1.61) | 1.18(0.91,1.53) | 0.66(0.51,0.86)* | 0.79(0.62,1.01) | 0.73(0.57,0.93)* |
55∼64 | 3.16(1.69,5.93)** | 1.24(0.95,1.62) | 1.01(0.78,1.30) | 1.09(0.84,1.42) | 0.98(0.75,1.29) | 1.14(0.87,1.50) | 1.31(0.98,1.73) | 1.15(0.87,1.53) | 0.55(0.41,0.73)** | 0.69(0.53,0.90)* | 0.62(0.47,0.81)* |
65∼74 | 5.21(2.76,9.81)** | 1.38(1.02,1.86)* | 1.17(0.87,1.56) | 1.20(0.89,1.61) | 0.94(0.70,1.28) | 1.56(1.15,2.12)* | 1.59(1.15,2.18)* | 1.55(1.12,2.14)* | 0.49(0.35,0.68)** | 0.57(0.42,0.77)** | 0.64(0.47,0.87)* |
≥ 75 | 10.17(5.68,18.20)** | 1.70(1.28,2.25)** | 1.45(1.10,1.91)* | 1.23(0.92,1.64) | 1.18(0.87,1.59) | 1.73(1.30,2.30)** | 1.46(1.09,1.96)* | 1.64(1.20,2.22)* | 0.70(0.51,0.95)* | 0.59(0.44,0.78)** | 0.61(0.45,0.83)* |
Ethnicity | |||||||||||
Han nationality | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Ethnic minorities | 1.90(1.47,2.45)** | 1.21(1.03,1.41)* | 1.15(0.99,1.34) | 0.96(0.83,1.12) | 1.06(0.90,1.24) | 1.09(0.93,1.28) | 1.04(0.88,1.23) | 0.94(0.79,1.12) | 0.80(0.68,0.95)* | 0.79(0.67,0.93)* | 0.91(0.77,1.07) |
Geographical division | |||||||||||
East China | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
North China | 1.07(0.78,1.48) | 1.00(0.85,1.18) | 1.20(1.02,1.40)* | 1.24(1.07,1.43)* | 1.14(0.98,1.34) | 1.27(1.08,1.49)* | 1.26(1.06,1.50)* | 1.33(1.13,1.58)* | 1.23(1.05,1.44)* | 0.90(0.77,1.06) | 1.06(0.91,1.24) |
Central China | 1.30(0.99,1.70) | 1.16(0.99,1.35) | 1.15(1.00,1.34) | 1.05(0.91,1.21) | 1.09(0.94,1.26) | 1.17(1.00,1.36)* | 1.13(0.96,1.32) | 1.21(1.03,1.41)* | 0.97(0.83,1.13) | 1.23(1.06,1.43)* | 1.12(0.96,1.30) |
South China | 1.02(0.76,1.37) | 0.97(0.82,1.13) | 0.81(0.69,0.95)* | 0.87(0.74,1.01) | 0.92(0.78,1.08) | 1.08(0.91,1.27) | 1.23(1.04,1.46)* | 1.01(0.85,1.20) | 1.04(0.88,1.23) | 1.04(0.88,1.22) | 1.06(0.90,1.25) |
Northeast China | 0.85(0.59,1.22) | 0.89(0.74,1.06) | 1.03(0.87,1.21) | 0.86(0.73,1.01) | 0.68(0.57,0.82)** | 0.88(0.73,1.06) | 1.19(0.98,1.44) | 0.86(0.71,1.04) | 0.84(0.70,1.01) | 0.85(0.71,1.01) | 0.73(0.61,0.87)* |
Northwest China | 0.80(0.57,1.14) | 0.97(0.82,1.15) | 1.34(1.13,1.57)* | 1.05(0.90,1.23) | 1.13(0.96,1.34) | 1.13(0.94,1.34) | 1.27(1.06,1.52)* | 1.18(0.98,1.42) | 1.28(1.07,1.53)* | 1.10(0.93,1.30) | 1.34(1.13,1.59)* |
Southwest China | 0.99(0.73,1.34) | 0.98(0.84,1.15) | 0.84(0.73,0.98)* | 0.81(0.69,0.94)* | 0.73(0.62,0.85)** | 0.95(0.80,1.11) | 1.04(0.87,1.23) | 0.88(0.74,1.04) | 0.69(0.59,0.81)** | 0.91(0.78,1.07) | 0.85(0.73,0.99)* |
Marital status | |||||||||||
Unmarried | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Married | 1.16(0.68,1.99) | 1.01(0.82,1.23) | 1.01(0.84,1.22) | 1.16(0.96,1.40) | 1.20(0.98,1.47) | 1.05(0.86,1.28) | 0.94(0.76,1.16) | 1.31(1.07,1.62)* | 1.32(1.08,1.62)* | 1.26(1.04,1.53)* | 1.05(0.87,1.28) |
Divorced/widowed | 1.92(1.03,3.57)* | 1.44(1.02,2.02)* | 1.42(1.03,1.96)* | 1.60(1.17,2.20)* | 1.99(1.41,2.81)** | 1.20(0.87,1.65) | 1.32(0.95,1.85) | 1.59(1.12,2.25)* | 2.13(1.51,3.02)** | 1.47(1.07,2.02)* | 1.43(1.03,2.01)* |
Others | 0.00(0.00,0.00)** | 1.92(0.37,10.09) | 1.71(0.31,9.51) | 2.07(1.02,4.19)* | 1.62(0.59,4.46) | 0.73(0.19,2.74) | 1.29(0.38,4.35) | 2.82(0.60,13.19) | 0.73(0.20,2.61) | 1.53(0.43,5.46) | 1.85(0.68,5.02) |
Education level | |||||||||||
Primary school and below | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Middle school | 0.74(0.56,0.98)* | 0.98(0.81,1.19) | 0.88(0.73,1.06) | 1.01(0.83,1.23) | 0.87(0.71,1.06) | 0.91(0.73,1.12) | 0.91(0.74,1.13) | 0.77(0.63,0.96)* | 0.88(0.70,1.09) | 1.00(0.80,1.23) | 0.80(0.65,0.99)* |
High school/Junior college | 0.88(0.65,1.18) | 1.03(0.84,1.25) | 0.97(0.80,1.17) | 1.02(0.83,1.24) | 1.00(0.82,1.23) | 0.98(0.79,1.22) | 1.06(0.85,1.31) | 0.61(0.49,0.75)** | 0.82(0.66,1.02) | 1.02(0.82,1.27) | 0.92(0.74,1.15) |
University | 0.57(0.40,0.81)* | 0.92(0.75,1.13) | 0.92(0.75,1.13) | 1.06(0.87,1.30) | 1.00(0.81,1.23) | 1.02(0.81,1.27) | 1.15(0.92,1.43) | 0.66(0.53,0.82)** | 1.01(0.81,1.27) | 1.25(1.00,1.57)* | 1.15(0.92,1.44) |
Master's degree and above | 0.67(0.39,1.13) | 1.10(0.83,1.46) | 0.98(0.75,1.29) | 1.12(0.86,1.46) | 1.26(0.96,1.67) | 1.05(0.79,1.41) | 1.11(0.82,1.50) | 0.76(0.56,1.02) | 1.08(0.81,1.46) | 1.35(1.01,1.81)* | 1.31(0.97,1.76) |
Household registration | |||||||||||
Non-rural | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Rural | 1.29(1.04,1.61)* | 1.01(0.91,1.13) | 1.01(0.91,1.12) | 0.93(0.84,1.03) | 0.95(0.85,1.05) | 1.11(0.99,1.24) | 1.10(0.98,1.24) | 1.01(0.90,1.14) | 0.95(0.85,1.06) | 1.03(0.93,1.14) | 1.07(0.96,1.19) |
Occupation | |||||||||||
Employed | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Retirement | 1.56(1.20,2.04)* | 1.16(0.97,1.39) | 1.29(1.08,1.53)* | 1.19(1.00,1.41) | 1.13(0.93,1.36) | 1.18(0.98,1.43) | 1.21(1.00,1.46) | 1.22(1.00,1.49) | 0.88(0.72,1.07) | 1.01(0.84,1.22) | 0.85(0.70,1.03) |
Student | 1.47(0.78,2.79) | 1.13(0.89,1.44) | 1.19(0.95,1.50) | 1.02(0.80,1.29) | 1.25(0.98,1.58) | 1.47(1.16,1.87)* | 1.19(0.93,1.53) | 1.07(0.83,1.37) | 0.89(0.69,1.13) | 0.94(0.75,1.18) | 1.27(1.00,1.60) |
Unemployed | 1.57(1.17,2.11)* | 1.37(1.13,1.66)* | 1.46(1.21,1.77)** | 1.21(1.00,1.46)* | 1.32(1.09,1.60)* | 1.27(1.03,1.55)* | 1.14(0.93,1.41) | 1.10(0.89,1.35) | 0.81(0.66,1.00) | 0.96(0.78,1.18) | 1.05(0.85,1.29) |
Others | 0.48(0.25,0.93)* | 0.71(0.52,0.95)* | 0.64(0.47,0.87)* | 0.82(0.60,1.12) | 0.61(0.44,0.83)* | 1.00(0.74,1.35) | 0.76(0.55,1.06) | 0.90(0.66,1.23) | 0.83(0.62,1.12) | 0.76(0.57,1.02) | 0.69(0.51,0.93)* |
Income/month, RMB | |||||||||||
0 ∼ 1300 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
1300–3300 | 0.66(0.50,0.86)* | 1.01(0.88,1.16) | 1.07(0.93,1.22) | 0.88(0.77,1.01) | 0.88(0.77,1.01) | 0.96(0.84,1.11) | 0.92(0.80,1.06) | 0.82(0.70,0.95)* | 0.88(0.76,1.02) | 0.93(0.81,1.07) | 0.89(0.78,1.03) |
3300–6300 | 1.00(0.74,1.35) | 1.00(0.84,1.18) | 1.10(0.94,1.30) | 0.89(0.76,1.04) | 0.99(0.84,1.17) | 0.98(0.82,1.16) | 0.99(0.84,1.18) | 1.02(0.85,1.22) | 0.90(0.76,1.07) | 1.00(0.85,1.18) | 0.93(0.79,1.09) |
6300–13000 | 1.01(0.70,1.47) | 0.99(0.81,1.20) | 0.97(0.80,1.17) | 0.77(0.64,0.93)* | 0.94(0.77,1.15) | 0.99(0.81,1.22) | 0.78(0.63,0.97)* | 0.97(0.78,1.19) | 0.82(0.66,1.00) | 0.83(0.68,1.01) | 0.82(0.68,1.00)* |
13000–21000 | 1.34(0.75,2.40) | 1.15(0.84,1.57) | 1.26(0.92,1.72) | 0.67(0.50,0.91)* | 1.17(0.87,1.58) | 1.05(0.78,1.43) | 1.15(0.83,1.60) | 1.16(0.84,1.58) | 1.14(0.83,1.57) | 1.04(0.78,1.39) | 1.12(0.83,1.52) |
21000–42000 | 1.46(0.67,3.18) | 0.71(0.43,1.18) | 1.32(0.82,2.12) | 0.79(0.51,1.23) | 0.73(0.47,1.15) | 0.94(0.59,1.51) | 0.66(0.40,1.08) | 0.65(0.39,1.08) | 1.02(0.63,1.64) | 0.88(0.56,1.38) | 0.80(0.49,1.31) |
42000 and above | 0.97(0.53,1.78) | 0.90(0.62,1.31) | 0.99(0.67,1.47) | 0.79(0.56,1.11) | 0.73(0.51,1.05) | 0.94(0.65,1.36) | 0.99(0.67,1.45) | 0.94(0.66,1.35) | 0.84(0.56,1.25) | 1.01(0.68,1.50) | 0.78(0.54,1.14) |
Smoking | |||||||||||
Never smoked | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Occasional smoker | 2.83(2.10,3.83)** | 1.29(1.08,1.55)* | 1.38(1.16,1.64)** | 1.00(0.84,1.19) | 1.26(1.04,1.51)* | 1.26(1.04,1.53)* | 1.23(1.01,1.51)* | 1.27(1.03,1.56)* | 1.24(1.02,1.51)* | 1.14(0.94,1.37) | 1.20(0.99,1.45) |
Frequent smoker | 1.55(1.14,2.11)* | 1.13(0.95,1.34) | 1.24(1.05,1.46)* | 0.92(0.78,1.09) | 1.12(0.95,1.33) | 0.97(0.81,1.16) | 1.20(1.00,1.44) | 1.09(0.91,1.31) | 1.22(1.02,1.46)* | 1.20(1.01,1.42)* | 1.00(0.84,1.19) |
Former smoker | 1.05(0.69,1.61) | 0.98(0.76,1.26) | 1.18(0.91,1.52) | 1.05(0.83,1.32) | 1.07(0.83,1.38) | 0.97(0.75,1.26) | 1.35(1.02,1.78)* | 1.13(0.86,1.48) | 1.31(0.99,1.73) | 1.28(0.99,1.65) | 1.15(0.88,1.50) |
Drinking | |||||||||||
Never drink | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Occasional drinker | 1.13(0.90,1.43) | 1.08(0.96,1.20) | 1.14(1.02,1.27)* | 1.30(1.17,1.44)** | 1.18(1.06,1.32)* | 1.30(1.16,1.45)** | 1.22(1.09,1.38)* | 1.33(1.19,1.50)** | 1.43(1.28,1.61)** | 1.33(1.19,1.49)** | 1.27(1.14,1.42)** |
Frequent drinker | 2.11(1.52,2.94)** | 1.30(1.06,1.61)* | 1.43(1.17,1.75)* | 1.56(1.27,1.91)** | 1.19(0.96,1.48) | 1.58(1.28,1.97)** | 1.28(1.02,1.60)* | 1.99(1.58,2.52)** | 1.39(1.11,1.74)* | 1.48(1.19,1.84)* | 1.29(1.04,1.60)* |
Former drinker | 1.33(0.90,1.96) | 1.18(0.94,1.49) | 1.42(1.13,1.78)* | 1.31(1.05,1.64)* | 1.33(1.05,1.68)* | 1.23(0.97,1.55) | 1.23(0.96,1.57) | 1.45(1.15,1.84)* | 1.68(1.33,2.13)** | 1.21(0.96,1.52) | 1.43(1.13,1.81)* |
Participation in physical activities | |||||||||||
Frequent participation | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Occasional participation | 1.29(1.03,1.61)* | 1.43(1.28,1.60)** | 1.43(1.29,1.59)** | 1.27(1.15,1.41)** | 1.44(1.29,1.61)** | 1.29(1.15,1.45)** | 1.32(1.18,1.49)** | 1.31(1.16,1.48)** | 1.47(1.31,1.65)** | 1.32(1.18,1.47)** | 1.31(1.18,1.47)** |
Never participate | 1.75(1.39,2.21)** | 1.43(1.25,1.63)** | 1.67(1.46,1.90)** | 1.29(1.13,1.46)** | 1.79(1.57,2.05)** | 1.25(1.09,1.43)* | 1.31(1.14,1.50)** | 1.25(1.09,1.44)* | 1.42(1.23,1.64)** | 1.29(1.13,1.48)** | 1.31(1.14,1.50)** |
Uncertain | 2.13(1.40,3.26)** | 1.32(0.98,1.77) | 1.27(0.97,1.66) | 1.19(0.91,1.55) | 1.23(0.91,1.65) | 1.34(1.02,1.78)* | 1.32(0.99,1.76) | 1.19(0.89,1.58) | 0.95(0.71,1.27) | 1.01(0.79,1.30) | 1.19(0.91,1.56) |
Changes in self-perceived health status compared to the previous year | |||||||||||
No change | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Improved | 2.05(1.62,2.60)** | 0.93(0.82,1.04) | 1.01(0.90,1.13) | 0.98(0.88,1.10) | 0.95(0.85,1.07) | 1.31(1.16,1.48)** | 1.48(1.31,1.68)** | 1.32(1.16,1.50)** | 1.03(0.91,1.16) | 1.11(0.98,1.24) | 1.11(0.98,1.24) |
Worsened | 2.57(2.05,3.23)** | 1.95(1.70,2.23)** | 2.10(1.84,2.39)** | 2.77(2.43,3.15)** | 2.88(2.51,3.30)** | 2.87(2.50,3.29)** | 3.03(2.64,3.48)** | 3.20(2.79,3.68)** | 3.49(3.01,4.04)** | 2.57(2.24,2.95)** | 3.09(2.69,3.55)** |
Uncertain | 1.50(1.13,2.01)* | 1.47(1.28,1.69)** | 1.75(1.52,2.00)** | 1.80(1.58,2.05)** | 1.87(1.63,2.15)** | 2.00(1.74,2.31)** | 2.29(1.98,2.65)** | 2.21(1.91,2.57)** | 2.02(1.74,2.34)** | 2.17(1.89,2.50)** | 1.98(1.73,2.28)** |
Presence of chronic diseases | |||||||||||
No | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. |
Yes | 4.23(3.42,5.24)** | 1.70(1.53,1.88)** | 1.70(1.54,1.89)** | 1.70(1.54,1.88)** | 1.98(1.79,2.20)** | 2.33(2.10,2.59)** | 2.31(2.07,2.57)** | 2.68(2.41,2.99)** | 2.21(1.97,2.48)** | 1.62(1.46,1.80)** | 1.79(1.61,1.99)** |
-2 Log L | 1327.09 | 600.02 | 768.19 | 866.24 | 951.32 | 961.33 | 881.51 | 1256.98 | 971.14 | 665.32 | 840.30 |
Pseudo R2 | 0.2534 | 0.0497 | 0.0541 | 0.0541 | 0.0730 | 0.0832 | 0.0828 | 0.1206 | 0.0808 | 0.0537 | 0.0701 |